Thursday, September 11, 2014

RWANDA:IMPUNZI Z'ABANYARWANDA BANYANYAGIYE HIRYA NO HINO KW'ISI ZISHOBOKA KUBA ZIKABAKABA HAFI 700 000


IMPUNZI Z'ABANYARWANDA BANYANYAGIYE HIRYA NO HINO KW'ISI ZISHOBOKA KUBA ZIKABAKABA HAFI 700 000 (Igereranya) 
Mu mwaka wa 1994 u Rwanda rwaciye agahigo mu kugira impunzi nyinshi kw'isi aho abaturage hafi ya bose b'igihugu bahunze bakava mu byabo. Mu kwzi kwa munani 1994 impunzi zabanyarwanda zabarirwaga hanze y'u Rwanda zakabakabaga 4 500 000 (Zaire-RDC hafi 3 000 000, Tanzania 1 000 000, Burundi-Uganda n'ahandi abagera ku 500 000). Ubwicanyi bwibasiye impunzi muri Kongo butangira Congo yari ituwe  n'impunzi zisaga 2 500 000. Muri bo hafi 1000 000 yiciwe mu mashyamba n'ingabo za FPR, abagera ku 800 000 bacyurwa ku ngufu mu Rwanda, abandi bake babasha gusohoka mu mashyamba ya Kongo bahungira mu bindi bihugu haba muri Afurika cyangwa i Burayi, Amerika n'ahandi. 
Impunzi z'Abanyarwanda zirimo inzego (ibyiciro bitandukanye)
1. Impunzi ziri mu mashyamba y'inzitane ya Kongo (bafite umwihariko kubera intambara z'urudaca z'inyeshyamba za Kagame/RDF)
2. Impunzi ziri mu bindi bihugu by'Afurika: ziganjemo izambuwe uburenganzira bwo kuba impunzi (clause de cessation) hamwe n'izindi mpunzi zihunze vuba zitagira kivurira ziri hirya no hino mu bihugu by'Afurika aho zandagaye. 
3. Impunzi ziri i Burayi, Amerika na Australia : abo bari mu bihugu bigerageza kubaha uburenganzira bwa Muntu ariko nazo zifite ibibazo bitandukanye: 
a) abashakisha impapuro (les demandeurs d'asile),
b) abimwe impapuro (les ''sans-papiers'' ),
c) impunzi zifungiye mu magereza,
d) impunzi zari zarahawe ibyangombwa ubu bakaba barabyambuwe zishoboa gukorerwa déportation igihe icyo aricyo cyose, 
e) impunzi nyirizina zifite ibyangombwa (réfugiés),
f) impunzi zabonye ubwenegihugu bw'ibihugu barimo.
Izi mpunzi zahungiye mu Burayi Amerika n'ahandi muri Afurika zifite ibibazo by'insobe muri byo twavuga 
- Gukurikiranwa mu buhungiro n'ubutegetsi bahunze no kwicirwa mu buhungiro,
- kwamburwa ibyangombwa ku babibonye no kuba basubizwa mu Rwanda cg bakaguma aho nta mpapuro,
- kwimwa ibyangombwa ku babikeneye kubera gukomanyirizwa mu nzego zitanga ibyangombwa n'ubutegetsi bahunze,
- guterwa ubwoba n'abacengezi ba FPR?DMI bakorera mu bihugu zahungiyemo
5. n'ibindi bibazo byinshi.
Imibare y'impunzi yifashe gute?  
Imibare itangwa n'abahagariariye LONI ivuga ko ubu mu mashyamba ya Kongo hari impunzi z'Abahutu zirenga 250 000 (Interview Martin Kobler RFI). Icyo twavuga ni uko iyi mibare itangwa na LONI atari iyo kwizerwa neza kuko LONI ikunze kugabanya nkana imibare y'impunzi z'Abahutu. Mu byukuri impunzi ziri muri Kongo zirenga 250 000. 

Nubwo imibare ya LONI iri hasi y'umubare nyawo ntacyo reka tuyihereho tugereranya umubare w'impunzi z'Abahutu n'Abatutsi bake bari hanze bahunze nabo.

Ikigereranyo 
1. Mu mashyamba ya Kongo: hari impunzi zirenga 250 000 
2. Mu bihugu bya Uganda, Kenya, Tanzaniya, Burundi, Sudan zombi: twagereranya  100 000
3. Zambia, Malawi, Mozambike, Zimbabwe, Afrika yepfo, Angola  (muri make SADEC yose ukuyemo RDC): 120 000 (bashobora kuba barenga) 
4. Cameroun, Congo-Braza, Centre-Afrique, Gabon, Sénégal n'ahandi ntibagiwe muri Afrurika yose: byibura abagera 50 000
5. Uburayi bwose: 70 000  (mu Bubirigi honyine hari 40 000 mu Bufaransa abasaga 10 000, mu Buhorandi abakabakaba  8 000 mu Budagi 6 000 mu bihugu bya Scandinavia: abarenga 10 000)
6. Amerika na Canada: twagereranya ko hari impunzi zitari munsi ya 40 000
7. Muri Australia, Chine, Aziya yose: twafata ikigereranyo cy'abanyarwanda: 20 000 

Igiteranyo cyose hamwe  cy'iki kigereranyo: Impunzi z'abanyarwanda bari hanze barabarirwa kuri 650 000.

Ikitonderwa 

-Iki ni ikigereranyo, ariko dukeka ko imibare nyayo itari kure y'iyi dutanze kuko umwaka ushize twatanze ikigereranyo ko impunzi z'Abahuti ziri muri Kongo ziri hafi 300 000 bamwe baravuga ngo Minani iyi mibare ayikurahe? Ejo bundi kuri Radiyo Mpuzamaganga RFI Martin Kobler uhagarariye LONI/MONUSCO muri Kongo atanga imibare yegeranye niyo nababwiye (250 000).

- Turasaba abafite imibare nyayo ifatika ifite na reference kuyitugezaho. 
-  Abazaduha imibare itangwa  na zimwe  mu 'mpuguke' zo muryango wa HCR ushinzwe impunzi kw'isi kuko umwaka ushize mu gihe cya 'cessation clause' (gukuraho ubuhunzi kubanyarwanda) bavugaga ko abanyarwanda bari hanze  utabariyomo abo muri Kongo batagera 80 000 naho abo muri Kongo imibare HCR yatangaga nayo iri hasi cyane mu gihe Leta ya Kongo yo yatangaga imibare y'impunzi z'Abahutu muri Kongo 127 537. 

Umwanzuro 

Aba banyarwanda babarirwa hejuru ya 650 000 ubashyize mw'ijanisha bari hagati ya 6-7% by'abaturage bose b'igihugu cyacu. Ibi bishatse kuvuga ko 6-7% by'abaturage b'u Rwanda bahejejwe ishyanga n'ubutegetsi bubi bwa FPR inkotanyi( imyaka ibaye 20 kuri benshi). 

Iyi mibare y'impunzi dutanze ni impunzi zifite ikibazo cyo gutaha iwabo ntabwo twabariyemo ba ba nyamurengwe bo mu gatsiko akenshi bazanwa no kwica impunzi.

Uyu mubare w'impunzi z'Abahutu tuvuze haruguru ziheze ishyanga uruta kure umubari w'Abatutsi bari ishyanga mbere ya 1990. Banyarwanda Banyarwandakazi rero ngaho nimutekereze ikigomba gukurikiraho kugirango izi mpunzi zisubire iwabo zitamanitse amaboko kandi zigire uruhare mu miyoborere y'u Rwanda. Murabivugaho iki? 

Amahoro n'urukundo mwese. 

Jean-Marie V. Minani
IMPUNZI Z'ABANYARWANDA BANYANYAGIYE HIRYA NO HINO KW'ISI ZISHOBOKA KUBA ZIKABAKABA HAFI 700 000 (Igereranya)
Mu mwaka wa 1994 u Rwanda rwaciye agahigo mu kugira impunzi nyinshi kw'isi aho abaturage hafi ya bose b'igihugu bahunze bakava mu byabo. Mu kwzi kwa munani 1994 impunzi zabanyarwanda zabarirwaga hanze y'u Rwanda zakabakabaga 4 500 000 (Zaire-RDC hafi 3 000 000, Tanzania 1 000 000, Burundi-Uganda n'ahandi abagera ku 500 000). Ubwicanyi bwibasiye impunzi muri Kongo butangira Congo yari ituwe n'impunzi zisaga 2 500 000. Muri bo hafi 1000 000 yiciwe mu mashyamba n'ingabo za FPR, abagera ku 800 000 bacyurwa ku ngufu mu Rwanda, abandi bake babasha gusohoka mu mashyamba ya Kongo bahungira mu bindi bihugu haba muri Afurika cyangwa i Burayi, Amerika n'ahandi.
Impunzi z'Abanyarwanda zirimo inzego (ibyiciro bitandukanye)
1. Impunzi ziri mu mashyamba y'inzitane ya Kongo (bafite umwihariko kubera intambara z'urudaca z'inyeshyamba za Kagame/RDF)
2. Impunzi ziri mu bindi bihugu by'Afurika: ziganjemo izambuwe uburenganzira bwo kuba impunzi (clause de cessation) hamwe n'izindi mpunzi zihunze vuba zitagira kivurira ziri hirya no hino mu bihugu by'Afurika aho zandagaye.
3. Impunzi ziri i Burayi, Amerika na Australia : abo bari mu bihugu bigerageza kubaha uburenganzira bwa Muntu ariko nazo zifite ibibazo bitandukanye:
a) abashakisha impapuro (les demandeurs d'asile),
b) abimwe impapuro (les ''sans-papiers'' ),
c) impunzi zifungiye mu magereza,
d) impunzi zari zarahawe ibyangombwa ubu bakaba barabyambuwe zishoboa gukorerwa déportation igihe icyo aricyo cyose,
e) impunzi nyirizina zifite ibyangombwa (réfugiés),
f) impunzi zabonye ubwenegihugu bw'ibihugu barimo.
Izi mpunzi zahungiye mu Burayi Amerika n'ahandi muri Afurika zifite ibibazo by'insobe muri byo twavuga
- Gukurikiranwa mu buhungiro n'ubutegetsi bahunze no kwicirwa mu buhungiro,
- kwamburwa ibyangombwa ku babibonye no kuba basubizwa mu Rwanda cg bakaguma aho nta mpapuro,
- kwimwa ibyangombwa ku babikeneye kubera gukomanyirizwa mu nzego zitanga ibyangombwa n'ubutegetsi bahunze,
- guterwa ubwoba n'abacengezi ba FPR?DMI bakorera mu bihugu zahungiyemo
5. n'ibindi bibazo byinshi.
Imibare y'impunzi yifashe gute?
Imibare itangwa n'abahagariariye LONI ivuga ko ubu mu mashyamba ya Kongo hari impunzi z'Abahutu zirenga 250 000 (Interview Martin Kobler RFI). Icyo twavuga ni uko iyi mibare itangwa na LONI atari iyo kwizerwa neza kuko LONI ikunze kugabanya nkana imibare y'impunzi z'Abahutu. Mu byukuri impunzi ziri muri Kongo zirenga 250 000.
Nubwo imibare ya LONI iri hasi y'umubare nyawo ntacyo reka tuyihereho tugereranya umubare w'impunzi z'Abahutu n'Abatutsi bake bari hanze bahunze nabo.
Ikigereranyo
1. Mu mashyamba ya Kongo: hari impunzi zirenga 250 000
2. Mu bihugu bya Uganda, Kenya, Tanzaniya, Burundi, Sudan zombi: twagereranya 100 000
3. Zambia, Malawi, Mozambike, Zimbabwe, Afrika yepfo, Angola (muri make SADEC yose ukuyemo RDC): 120 000 (bashobora kuba barenga)
4. Cameroun, Congo-Braza, Centre-Afrique, Gabon, Sénégal n'ahandi ntibagiwe muri Afrurika yose: byibura abagera 50 000
5. Uburayi bwose: 70 000 (mu Bubirigi honyine hari 40 000 mu Bufaransa abasaga 10 000, mu Buhorandi abakabakaba 8 000 mu Budagi 6 000 mu bihugu bya Scandinavia: abarenga 10 000)
6. Amerika na Canada: twagereranya ko hari impunzi zitari munsi ya 40 000
7. Muri Australia, Chine, Aziya yose: twafata ikigereranyo cy'abanyarwanda: 20 000
Igiteranyo cyose hamwe cy'iki kigereranyo: Impunzi z'abanyarwanda bari hanze barabarirwa kuri 650 000.
Ikitonderwa
-Iki ni ikigereranyo, ariko dukeka ko imibare nyayo itari kure y'iyi dutanze kuko umwaka ushize twatanze ikigereranyo ko impunzi z'Abahuti ziri muri Kongo ziri hafi 300 000 bamwe baravuga ngo Minani iyi mibare ayikurahe? Ejo bundi kuri Radiyo Mpuzamaganga RFI Martin Kobler uhagarariye LONI/MONUSCO muri Kongo atanga imibare yegeranye niyo nababwiye (250 000).
- Turasaba abafite imibare nyayo ifatika ifite na reference kuyitugezaho.
- Abazaduha imibare itangwa na zimwe mu 'mpuguke' zo muryango wa HCR ushinzwe impunzi kw'isi kuko umwaka ushize mu gihe cya 'cessation clause' (gukuraho ubuhunzi kubanyarwanda) bavugaga ko abanyarwanda bari hanze utabariyomo abo muri Kongo batagera 80 000 naho abo muri Kongo imibare HCR yatangaga nayo iri hasi cyane mu gihe Leta ya Kongo yo yatangaga imibare y'impunzi z'Abahutu muri Kongo 127 537.
Umwanzuro
Aba banyarwanda babarirwa hejuru ya 650 000 ubashyize mw'ijanisha bari hagati ya 6-7% by'abaturage bose b'igihugu cyacu. Ibi bishatse kuvuga ko 6-7% by'abaturage b'u Rwanda bahejejwe ishyanga n'ubutegetsi bubi bwa FPR inkotanyi( imyaka ibaye 20 kuri benshi).
Iyi mibare y'impunzi dutanze ni impunzi zifite ikibazo cyo gutaha iwabo ntabwo twabariyemo ba ba nyamurengwe bo mu gatsiko akenshi bazanwa no kwica impunzi.
Uyu mubare w'impunzi z'Abahutu tuvuze haruguru ziheze ishyanga uruta kure umubari w'Abatutsi bari ishyanga mbere ya 1990. Banyarwanda Banyarwandakazi rero ngaho nimutekereze ikigomba gukurikiraho kugirango izi mpunzi zisubire iwabo zitamanitse amaboko kandi zigire uruhare mu miyoborere y'u Rwanda. Murabivugaho iki?
Amahoro n'urukundo mwese.
Jean-Marie V. Minan

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